Impediments to Adoption of Two-factor Authentication by Home End-Users

Cyber criminals have proven to be both capable and motivated to profit from compromised personal information. The FBI has reported that victims have suffered over $3 billion in losses through compromise of email accounts alone (IC3 2016). One security measure which has been demonstrated to be effective against many of these attacks is two-factor authentication (2FA). The FBI, the Department of Homeland Security US Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT), and the internationally recognized security training and awareness organization, the SANS Institute, all strongly recommend the use of two-factor authentication. Nevertheless, adoption rates of 2FA are low.