Understanding the Core of OT: Components, Systems, and Security

SANS Institute, a leading cybersecurity training provider, empowers cybersecurity professionals through top-notch training, certifications, and degree programs, all designed to enhance global security. Dragos, an industrial cybersecurity firm, specializes in providing software, cyber threat intelligence, and professional services to protect critical infrastructure. SANS, in partnership with Dragos, present a new blog series that delves into the critical aspects of OT cybersecurity. This series aims to educate both practitioners and executives on the intricacies of securing operational environments. This is Part 2. If you’re new to this blog series, read Part 1 here.

In an era where technology increasingly governs the industrial landscape, the integration of Operational Technology (OT) into our daily lives has never been more apparent. With critical infrastructure spanning sectors like manufacturing, utilities, and transportation relying heavily on these systems, securing OT has become paramount. This blog explores the complex world of OT to unpack key components, systems, and critical security implications of modern industrial operations.

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It is essential that professionals transitioning from IT to OT have a firm understanding of OT architecture. Using the Purdue Model of Industrial Control Systems, for instance, provides a layered architecture for IT and OT integration, from enterprise-level IT operations to real-time OT processing. This structure is important in grasping how data flows and is secured across different levels of industrial operations.

Exploring Key OT Devices and Systems

OT encompasses a variety of devices and systems crucial for the safe operation of critical infrastructure. These include:

• Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs): These are the brains behind the automation of industrial processes, ensuring high reliability and ease of programming.
• Remote Terminal Units (RTUs): These devices facilitate remote monitoring and control, transmitting data between site locations and central control systems.
• Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Distributed Control Systems (DCS): These systems manage, command, and regulate industrial processes, ensuring operational continuity and safety.
• Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems: These interfaces and systems provide crucial data visualization and process control capabilities across extensive industrial operations.

Addressing OT Security Challenges

With the convergence of IT and OT, and the ever-increasing number of cyber threats, the need for robust security measures tailored to the unique challenges of OT environments cannot be understated. Continuous monitoring, specific incident response strategies, and a defensible architecture to protect against potential cyber threats are of the upmost importance.

As OT becomes increasingly integrated with IT and subjected to sophisticated cyber threats, the importance of specialized education and proactive security measures cannot be overstated. By understanding the foundational elements of OT and prioritizing comprehensive security protocols, professionals can ensure the resilience and efficiency of essential industrial operations, safeguarding the backbone of our modern society.

Upcoming Learning and Engagement Opportunities

Are you looking to further your understanding of the complexities of OT systems? The SANS course ICS410 offers in-depth training on securing critical infrastructure. So, register or sign up for a demo of ICS410: ICS/SCADA Security Essentials today!

The SANS / Dragos Initiative

For further insights into OT cybersecurity fundamentals, be sure to read the detailed discussion in Dragos' latest blog post, Operational Technology: Modern Industrial Components, Systems, and Security Implications. Explore the full article here.

The upcoming SANS ICS Security Summit, June 16-24 in Orlando, FL, presents the perfect opportunity to partake in workshops, hands-on learning, and networking with your peers and industry experts. Learn more and register for the event here.