homepage
Open menu
Go one level top
  • Train and Certify
    Train and Certify

    Immediately apply the skills and techniques learned in SANS courses, ranges, and summits

    • Overview
    • Courses
      • Overview
      • Full Course List
      • By Focus Areas
        • Cloud Security
        • Cyber Defense
        • Cybersecurity and IT Essentials
        • DFIR
        • Industrial Control Systems
        • Offensive Operations
        • Management, Legal, and Audit
      • By Skill Levels
        • New to Cyber
        • Essentials
        • Advanced
        • Expert
      • Training Formats
        • OnDemand
        • In-Person
        • Live Online
      • Course Demos
    • Training Roadmaps
      • Skills Roadmap
      • Focus Area Job Roles
        • Cyber Defence Job Roles
        • Offensive Operations Job Roles
        • DFIR Job Roles
        • Cloud Job Roles
        • ICS Job Roles
        • Leadership Job Roles
      • NICE Framework
        • Security Provisionals
        • Operate and Maintain
        • Oversee and Govern
        • Protect and Defend
        • Analyze
        • Collect and Operate
        • Investigate
        • Industrial Control Systems
    • GIAC Certifications
    • Training Events & Summits
      • Events Overview
      • Event Locations
        • Asia
        • Australia & New Zealand
        • Latin America
        • Mainland Europe
        • Middle East & Africa
        • Scandinavia
        • United Kingdom & Ireland
        • United States & Canada
      • Summits
    • OnDemand
    • Get Started in Cyber
      • Overview
      • Degree and Certificate Programs
      • Scholarships
    • Cyber Ranges
  • Manage Your Team
    Manage Your Team

    Build a world-class cyber team with our workforce development programs

    • Overview
    • Why Work with SANS
    • Group Purchasing
    • Build Your Team
      • Team Development
      • Assessments
      • Private Training
      • Hire Cyber Professionals
      • By Industry
        • Health Care
        • Industrial Control Systems Security
        • Military
    • Leadership Training
  • Security Awareness
    Security Awareness

    Increase your staff’s cyber awareness, help them change their behaviors, and reduce your organizational risk

    • Overview
    • Products & Services
      • Security Awareness Training
        • EndUser Training
        • Phishing Platform
      • Specialized
        • Developer Training
        • ICS Engineer Training
        • NERC CIP Training
        • IT Administrator
      • Risk Assessments
        • Knowledge Assessment
        • Culture Assessment
        • Behavioral Risk Assessment
    • OUCH! Newsletter
    • Career Development
      • Overview
      • Training & Courses
      • Professional Credential
    • Blog
    • Partners
    • Reports & Case Studies
  • Resources
    Resources

    Enhance your skills with access to thousands of free resources, 150+ instructor-developed tools, and the latest cybersecurity news and analysis

    • Overview
    • Webcasts
    • Free Cybersecurity Events
      • Free Events Overview
      • Summits
      • Solutions Forums
      • Community Nights
    • Content
      • Newsletters
        • NewsBites
        • @RISK
        • OUCH! Newsletter
      • Blog
      • Podcasts
      • Summit Presentations
      • Posters & Cheat Sheets
    • Research
      • White Papers
      • Security Policies
    • Tools
    • Focus Areas
      • Cyber Defense
      • Cloud Security
      • Digital Forensics & Incident Response
      • Industrial Control Systems
      • Cyber Security Leadership
      • Offensive Operations
  • Get Involved
    Get Involved

    Help keep the cyber community one step ahead of threats. Join the SANS community or begin your journey of becoming a SANS Certified Instructor today.

    • Overview
    • Join the Community
    • Work Study
    • Teach for SANS
    • CISO Network
    • Partnerships
    • Sponsorship Opportunities
  • About
    About

    Learn more about how SANS empowers and educates current and future cybersecurity practitioners with knowledge and skills

    • SANS
      • Overview
      • Our Founder
      • Awards
    • Instructors
      • Our Instructors
      • Full Instructor List
    • Mission
      • Our Mission
      • Diversity
      • Scholarships
    • Contact
      • Contact Customer Service
      • Contact Sales
      • Press & Media Enquiries
    • Frequent Asked Questions
    • Customer Reviews
    • Press
    • Careers
  • Contact Sales
  • SANS Sites
    • GIAC Security Certifications
    • Internet Storm Center
    • SANS Technology Institute
    • Security Awareness Training
  • Search
  • Log In
  • Join
    • Account Dashboard
    • Log Out
  1. Home >
  2. Blog >
  3. Doing Cloud in China
370x370_Kenneth-Hartman.jpg
Kenneth G. Hartman

Doing Cloud in China

This article looks at how Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure have modified their services to gain entry to the cloud market space in China

July 27, 2020

This article looks at how Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure have modified their services to gain entry to the cloud market space in China and compares their service offerings to local Chinese cloud service providers. We will cover specific considerations for foreign companies using cloud services in China. The Chinese company, Alibaba Cloud, is the fourth largest global Infrastructure-as-a-Service provider following AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform. We end with a discussion of why this CSP should be on your watchlist.

It is important to understand Cloud Computing in China for these reasons.

  1. Extremely large market opportunities.
  2. US – China trade war and COVID19 Fallout
  3. Intellectual property protections
  4. China is a nation-state threat actor

In addition to the above reasons, many international companies either have a presence in China or plan to establish one. Even though the current US-China relationship is unstable, it is reasonable to expect Cloud Security Professionals to have an increasing need to understand the “cloud-scape” in China.

The Chinese Cloud Market

Without a doubt, everyone has their eyes on the Chinese Cloud Services market. A 2017 report [1] forecasted the China market to grow to 686.6 billion yuan (about $103.6 billion) in 2020. This is a quarter of the projected worldwide market of $411 billion.

HartmanBlog200727_Pic1.png


One indicator of the keen interest in the cloud in China is the 120,000 attendees that gathered at Alibaba’s 2018 cloud conference. For reference, the attendance at AWS re: Invent (the largest US conference) was 50,000 that same year [2]. NOTE: No attendance numbers available for the 2019 Alibaba Cloud Computing Conference.

While the opportunities are great, so are the challenges. Chinese companies' biggest concerns with moving to the cloud are focused on the costs and difficulties of moving to the cloud followed closely with concerns around security, according to the 2018 McKinsey China Cloud Survey [3].

Cloud Computing Market by Region

HartmanBlog200727_Pic2.png

According to a September 2019 report, the global market for cloud computing is expected to exceed $623 Billion US Dollars by 2023 [4,5]. The chart above breaks down the growth by region of the world.

Market Data on the Growth of Public Cloud Computing

HartmanBlog200727_Pic3.png

The slide above shows data from the RightScale 2019 State of the Cloud Report [6]. Interestingly, in 2017 AWS had 57% adoption, Azure had 34%, and GCP had 15%. This 2019 survey found that 84% of respondents had a multi-cloud strategy and were running applications in an average of 3.4 clouds and experimenting with 1.8 more for a total average of 4.9 clouds!

This above slide shows which cloud service providers are being used, while the following slide on the next page shows how much each provider is being used.

Iaas + Paas Market Shares

HartmanBlog200727_Pic4.png

According to the Synergy Research Group [7], Amazon is still the market leader by a significant margin. Microsoft is aggressively ramping up its cloud campaign in terms of maturing its cloud offerings as well as its and marketing efforts.

Google is definitely a player with solid cloud products and loyal customers, however it has made a strategic decision not to compete in China. Alibaba will be certainly important to track as well, particularly as they expand their footprint outside of China.

Cloud Service Providers in China

Alibaba Cloud is the largest provider in China, but there are several domestic CSP’s including Tencent (the creator of WeChat) and Kingsoft Cloud. [8,9]. According to a 2015 report [10], AWS is the sixth largest provider in China, with about 4.3% market share. This same report put IBM in the 11th position at 0.1% market share. Oracle and VMWare are referenced in [10] but no market data is provided.

At the present time, Google does not have a cloud service offering in China. Google has had a troubled relationship with China from the Operation Aurora Attack [11] to its attempt to offer a search engine that complies with China’s censorship requirements [12].

Iaas Vendors Market Share in China – 2019H1

Alibaba, Tencent, China Telecom, AWS and Huawei are the top five vendors, and together control 75.3% of the market. [13], [14]

HartmanBlog200727_Pic5.png


Operational Requirements - Cloud Service Providers

China is the only country in the world that does not permit foreign cloud service providers to own and operate their own data centers in the country. To operate a data center in China, a locally registered company that has less than 50% foreign investment must obtain a value-added telecom permit. This permit requirement is a point of contention in the US-China trade war as the US has taken the position that it gives Chinese companies and unfair competitive advantage [15]. The local partners own the physical infrastructure and are the “seller of record,” although the foreign cloud service providers retain their intellectual property rights and trademarks [16]. These local partners in China control the relationships between the CSP’s suppliers and customers [16].

Some experts believe that the deep cultural and technical links that the local companies have with the Chinese government create nearly insurmountable advantages, especially when it comes to regulations and requirements around cybersecurity and data protection [16].

Operational Requirements - Cloud Customers

Telecom and Cloud Service Providers:

  • “Must ask users to provide authentic identity information and verify it when settling access service formalities for users.”
  • “Cannot offer services for access to entities or individuals if they fail to obtain an operating license or to complete the non-operating Internet information service filing formalities in accordance with the law.”

All licensed operators must indicate the number of their operating license in a prominent position in their main premises, website homepage and business promotion brochures.

In accordance with Chinese law and regulations, the State subjects non-commercial internet information services to a record-filing system and commercial internet information services to a permit system. No one may engage in the provision of internet information services without having carried out record-filing procedures or obtained permission [22].

Companies that want to register for a cloud account need to provide a valid Chinese business license issued by the Bureau of Industry and Commerce and valid contact information [23].

Internet Content Providers

Internet content providers (ICPs) must apply to the China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) via their hosting provider.

  • Commercial ICP services require an ICP license
  • Non-commercial ICP services must submit an ICP filing.

Without an ICP license or ICP filing record, the domain and the website will be blocked.

AWS China

AWS China has two separate regions:

  • Beijing Region (Beijing Sinnet Technology Co., Ltd.)
  • Ningxia Region (Ningxia Western Cloud Data Technology Co., Ltd.)

AWS China is a separate partition (Just like GovCloud)

  • AWS Global credentials cannot access other partitions

Not all AWS services are available in China

  • See https://www.amazonaws.cn/en/about-aws/regional-product-services/[25]

It is also interesting to note that tenants do not get the root credentials for the AWS accounts created in the China partition and that there is not a free tier.

All objects in AWS are referenced using a globally unique Amazon Resource Naming (ARN) convention. The following diagram shows an example ARN of an Elastic Block Storage (EBS) volume in the Ningxia region of the AWS China partition.

HartmanBlog200727_Pic6.png

Azure China

Azure China is a separate instance of Azure in China. It is independently operated by Shanghai Blue Cloud Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Beijing 21Vianet Broadband Data Center Co., Ltd. Azure China has datacenters in eastern and northern China, with >1000-kilometer separation between the regions.

Like AWS, Azure China has a feature parity gap, so it is important to monitor the updates from each CSP for change announcements. As with AWS, the Azure Portal & CLI can be accessed/used anywhere on Internet.

The Greatest Firewall of China

Regardless of which cloud service provider you use in China, traffic from outside China must traverse the Great Firewall of China which increases latency by an average factor of three times the latency of traffic that is internal to China. The Azure China Playbook [27] states:

“The network latency between China and the rest of the world is inevitable, because of the intermediary technologies that regulate cross-border internet traffic. Website users and administrators might experience slow performance.” –Azure

The Great Firewall of China uses a variety of techniques [28, 29, 30, 31] to inspect, manipulate and block traffic that cloud customers should be aware of:

  • DNS spoofing, filtering & redirection
  • URL filtering using transparent proxies
  • Quality of Service (QOS) filtering
  • Packet forging & TCP reset attacks
  • TLS Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks with Chinese Root CA certificates
  • Black holes for IP Ranges
  • Active probing

However, as evidenced by Azure’s tactful statement above, most companies accept this reality and make their decisions accordingly. It is possible to set up a VPN into China provided you obtain approval by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of the Chinese government. This is facilitated by your CSP [27] and should not be expected to protect you from interception by the Chinese Government.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I encourage you to explore the Chinese Cloud Service Providers. Don’t think of the Chinese Cloud as an impenetrable “black box,” like any other cloud service provider, they are open to the public and welcome your service fees. In fact, the more different cloud services that you can explore, the better foundation you have for comparison. That includes the various Chinese cloud service providers.

Embrace the hacker ethic but stay inside the law. Discover what’s inside that black box, how it works, and what makes each different from the others. However, if you are going to use cloud services in China, you should be aware of China’s cybersecurity laws [32].

Resources:

[1] http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201711/08/WS5a0d20c5a31061a738408eb8.html

[2] https://www.geekwire.com/2019/building-wall-around-cloud-china-will-soon-important-cloud-computing-market/

[3] https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology-media-and-telecommunications/our-insights/public-cloud-in-china-big-challenges-big-upside

[4] https://www.abnewswire.com/pressreleases/cloud-computing-market-size-expected-to-grow-6233-billion-by-2023-at-a-cagr-of-180_431003.html

[5] https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/cloud-computing-market-234.html

[6] https://resources.flexera.com/web/media/documents/rightscale-2019-state-of-the-cloud-report-from-flexera.pdf

[7] https://www.srgresearch.com/articles/amazon-microsoft-google-and-alibaba-strengthen-their-grip-public-cloud-market

[8] https://chinatechscope.com/2018/10/04/10-chinese-internet-cloud-providers/

[9] https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prCHE45761819

[10] https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=998fe1a0-6634-41e7-a670-19ca406709e5

[11] https://www.wired.com/2010/01/operation-aurora/

[12] https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/a28434395/project-dragonfly-dead/

[13] https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prCHE45761819

[14] https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology-media-and-telecommunications/our-insights/public-cloud-in-china-big-challenges-big-upside

[15] https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/regulation/china-weighs-letting-us-cloud-providers-operate-their-own-data-centers

[16] https://www.geekwire.com/2019/building-wall-around-cloud-china-will-soon-important-cloud-computing-market/

[17] http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201711/08/WS5a0d20c5a31061a738408eb8.html

[18] https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology-media-and-telecommunications/our-insights/public-cloud-in-china-big-challenges-big-upside

[19] https://www.srgresearch.com/articles/chinese-companies-control-local-public-cloud-market-aws-and-microsoft-lead-rest-apac

[20] https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/w-013-7289

[2]1 https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/doc-detail/52595.htm

[22] https://www.amazonaws.cn/en/about-aws/china/

[23] https://www.amazonaws.cn/en/about-aws/china/faqs/

[24] https://www.amazonaws.cn/en/about-aws/china/

[25] https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/enterprise-strategy/getting-started-with-aws-services-in-aws-china-beijing-region-and-aws-china-ningxia-region/

[26] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/china/

[27] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/china/concepts-performance-and-connectivity

[28] http://pcwizardpro.com/how-to-unblock-websites-in-china/

[29] https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/foci14/foci14-anonymous.pdf

[30] https://www.eecs.yorku.ca/course_archive/2014-15/W/3482/Team13_presentation.pdf

[31] https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/dec/14/china-tightens-great-firewall-internet-control

[32] https://www.dezshira.com/library/legal/cyber-security-law-china-8013.html

Share:
TwitterLinkedInFacebook
Copy url Url was copied to clipboard
Subscribe to SANS Newsletters
Receive curated news, vulnerabilities, & security awareness tips
United States
Canada
United Kingdom
Spain
Belgium
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
Australia
India
Japan
Singapore
Afghanistan
Aland Islands
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba
Bosnia And Herzegovina
Botswana
Bouvet Island
Brazil
British Indian Ocean Territory
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombia
Comoros
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska)
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
East Timor
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
French Southern Territories
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard And McDonald Islands
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
Indonesia
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Republic Of
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States Of
Moldova, Republic Of
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Reunion
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Bartholemy
Saint Kitts And Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Martin
Saint Vincent And The Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome And Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
South Sudan
Sri Lanka
St. Helena
St. Pierre And Miquelon
Suriname
Svalbard And Jan Mayen Islands
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad And Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks And Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United States Minor Outlying Islands
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican City
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (British)
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Wallis And Futuna Islands
Western Sahara
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zambia
Zimbabwe

By providing this information, you agree to the processing of your personal data by SANS as described in our Privacy Policy.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Recommended Training

  • SEC560: Enterprise Penetration Testing
  • SEC505: Securing Windows and PowerShell Automation
  • MGT512: Security Leadership Essentials for Managers

Tags:
  • Cloud Security

Related Content

Blog
SANS_Cloud_Security_340x340.png
Cloud Security
January 5, 2023
SANS Cloud Security Curriculum
The SANS Cloud Security Curriculum is growing fast – like the Cloud itself.
370x370_Frank-Kim.jpg
Frank Kim
read more
Blog
CD_Blog_HowtoautomateinAzure_Part1_2.jpg
Cyber Defense, Cloud Security
October 11, 2022
How to Automate in Azure Using PowerShell - Part 1
In this post, we’ll cover how to automate the assessment and reporting of your cloud security configuration opportunities.
370x370_josh-johnson.jpg
Josh Johnson
read more
Blog
Penetration Testing and Red Teaming, Cloud Security
January 7, 2022
Password Hash Cracking in Amazon Web Services: Burning Your Way to Success
This article will discuss the use of cracking cloud computing resources in Amazon Web Services (AWS) to crack password hashes.
370x370_Michiel-Lemmens.jpg
Michiel Lemmens
read more
  • Register to Learn
  • Courses
  • Certifications
  • Degree Programs
  • Cyber Ranges
  • Job Tools
  • Security Policy Project
  • Posters & Cheat Sheets
  • White Papers
  • Focus Areas
  • Cyber Defense
  • Cloud Security
  • Cybersecurity Leadership
  • Digital Forensics
  • Industrial Control Systems
  • Offensive Operations
Subscribe to SANS Newsletters
Receive curated news, vulnerabilities, & security awareness tips
United States
Canada
United Kingdom
Spain
Belgium
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
Australia
India
Japan
Singapore
Afghanistan
Aland Islands
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba
Bosnia And Herzegovina
Botswana
Bouvet Island
Brazil
British Indian Ocean Territory
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombia
Comoros
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska)
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
East Timor
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
French Southern Territories
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard And McDonald Islands
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
Indonesia
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Republic Of
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States Of
Moldova, Republic Of
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Reunion
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Bartholemy
Saint Kitts And Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Martin
Saint Vincent And The Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome And Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
South Sudan
Sri Lanka
St. Helena
St. Pierre And Miquelon
Suriname
Svalbard And Jan Mayen Islands
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad And Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks And Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United States Minor Outlying Islands
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican City
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (British)
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Wallis And Futuna Islands
Western Sahara
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zambia
Zimbabwe

By providing this information, you agree to the processing of your personal data by SANS as described in our Privacy Policy.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
  • © 2023 SANS™ Institute
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact
  • Careers
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • Youtube
  • LinkedIn