homepage
Open menu
Go one level top
  • Train and Certify
    Train and Certify

    Immediately apply the skills and techniques learned in SANS courses, ranges, and summits

    • Overview
    • Courses
      • Overview
      • Full Course List
      • By Focus Areas
        • Cloud Security
        • Cyber Defense
        • Cybersecurity and IT Essentials
        • DFIR
        • Industrial Control Systems
        • Offensive Operations
        • Management, Legal, and Audit
      • By Skill Levels
        • New to Cyber
        • Essentials
        • Advanced
        • Expert
      • Training Formats
        • OnDemand
        • In-Person
        • Live Online
      • Course Demos
    • Training Roadmaps
      • Skills Roadmap
      • Focus Area Job Roles
        • Cyber Defense Job Roles
        • Offensive Operations Job Roles
        • DFIR Job Roles
        • Cloud Job Roles
        • ICS Job Roles
        • Leadership Job Roles
      • NICE Framework
        • Security Provisionals
        • Operate and Maintain
        • Oversee and Govern
        • Protect and Defend
        • Analyze
        • Collect and Operate
        • Investigate
        • Industrial Control Systems
      • European Skills Framework
    • GIAC Certifications
    • Training Events & Summits
      • Events Overview
      • Event Locations
        • Asia
        • Australia & New Zealand
        • Latin America
        • Mainland Europe
        • Middle East & Africa
        • Scandinavia
        • United Kingdom & Ireland
        • United States & Canada
      • Summits
    • OnDemand
    • Get Started in Cyber
      • Overview
      • Degree and Certificate Programs
      • Scholarships
      • Cyber Aces
    • Cyber Ranges
  • Manage Your Team
    Manage Your Team

    Build a world-class cyber team with our workforce development programs

    • Overview
    • Why Work with SANS
    • Group Purchasing
    • Build Your Team
      • Team Development
      • Assessments
      • Private Training
      • Hire Cyber Professionals
      • By Industry
        • Health Care
        • Industrial Control Systems Security
        • Military
    • Leadership Training
  • Security Awareness
    Security Awareness

    Increase your staff’s cyber awareness, help them change their behaviors, and reduce your organizational risk

    • Overview
    • Products & Services
      • Security Awareness Training
        • EndUser Training
        • Phishing Platform
      • Specialized
        • Developer Training
        • ICS Engineer Training
        • NERC CIP Training
        • IT Administrator
      • Risk Assessments
        • Knowledge Assessment
        • Culture Assessment
        • Behavioral Risk Assessment
    • OUCH! Newsletter
    • Career Development
      • Overview
      • Training & Courses
      • Professional Credential
    • Blog
    • Partners
    • Reports & Case Studies
  • Resources
    Resources

    Enhance your skills with access to thousands of free resources, 150+ instructor-developed tools, and the latest cybersecurity news and analysis

    • Overview
    • Webcasts
    • Free Cybersecurity Events
      • Free Events Overview
      • Summits
      • Solutions Forums
      • Community Nights
    • Content
      • Newsletters
        • NewsBites
        • @RISK
        • OUCH! Newsletter
      • Blog
      • Podcasts
      • Summit Presentations
      • Posters & Cheat Sheets
    • Research
      • White Papers
      • Security Policies
    • Tools
    • Focus Areas
      • Cyber Defense
      • Cloud Security
      • Digital Forensics & Incident Response
      • Industrial Control Systems
      • Cyber Security Leadership
      • Offensive Operations
  • Get Involved
    Get Involved

    Help keep the cyber community one step ahead of threats. Join the SANS community or begin your journey of becoming a SANS Certified Instructor today.

    • Overview
    • Join the Community
    • Work Study
    • Teach for SANS
    • CISO Network
    • Partnerships
    • Sponsorship Opportunities
  • About
    About

    Learn more about how SANS empowers and educates current and future cybersecurity practitioners with knowledge and skills

    • SANS
      • Overview
      • Our Founder
      • Awards
    • Instructors
      • Our Instructors
      • Full Instructor List
    • Mission
      • Our Mission
      • Diversity
      • Scholarships
    • Contact
      • Contact Customer Service
      • Contact Sales
      • Press & Media Enquiries
    • Frequent Asked Questions
    • Customer Reviews
    • Press
    • Careers
  • Contact Sales
  • SANS Sites
    • GIAC Security Certifications
    • Internet Storm Center
    • SANS Technology Institute
    • Security Awareness Training
  • Search
  • Log In
  • Join
    • Account Dashboard
    • Log Out
  1. Home >
  2. Blog >
  3. Rekt Casino Revisited: Operational Series Part 2
370x370_James-Tarala.jpg
James Tarala

Rekt Casino Revisited: Operational Series Part 2

What?! There Are Critical Security Controls We Should Follow?

March 16, 2021

This is Part 2 of a 4-Part series. Read the other parts here.

Part 1

Part 3

Part 4

BACKGROUND

Tarala_Picture1.svg

In the Fall of 2020, SANS wrote a 3-part blog post about how to build a security program in a post breach scenario in a fictional organization called Rekt Casino. You can read those posts starting here. This blog post is based on the REKT Casino Hack Assessment: Operational webcast series, which you can view starting here.

To summarize what happened: Rekt Casino suffered a ransomware attack that resulted in a breach. The Ransomware came in over email due to no spam filtering, phishing or malware protections on the email server.

The initial malware was able to beacon out to the attackers because there were no outbound firewall rules. Memory dumps showed the attackers were using PSEXEC, PowerShell and an unknown executable. RDP connection were observed taking place on the network using the domain admin account – domain admin had been compromised.

Things were going really wrong at Rekt Casino. This post is about how the breach could have prevented by utilizing the tools and techniques available to cybersecurity professionals today in the form of the cyber hygiene principles developed through collaboration between the SANS Institute, the Center for Internet Security, and thousands of other cybersecurity professionals from around the world.

This Could Have Been Prevented

The sad fact about this scenario, and so many other examples of cybersecurity breaches, is that they could have been prevented. Yes, hackers are intelligent and are diligently looking for the mistakes that an organization might make. But that does not mean that organizations like Rekt had no idea what they needed to do in order to defend themselves. Cyber attackers are not magicians. They cannot wave a magic wand and simply break into an organization. They can only take advantage of weaknesses or a lack of solid defenses in order to abuse an organization’s information systems.

Dozens of cybersecurity control libraries or standards have been created over the years to address this challenge. Governments, industry groups, and volunteer organizations have all worked together over the years to define the controls an organization must put into effect in order to prevent breaches like this from occurring. Just a few of the more popular of such standards include the following:

  • NIST Special Publication 800-53
  • NIST Special Publication 800-171
  • Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC)
  • NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF)
  • ISO 27000 Series
  • CoBIT
  • CIS Critical Controls
  • Many, many other control libraries

And this is just the tip of the iceberg. Every year new groups release research defining the controls that could be used to effectively stop a cyber-attack.

Understanding the CIS Controls

Tarala_Picture2.jpg

One of the more popular documents to define a standard of cybersecurity care is the Center for Internet Security (CIS) Controls (formerly known as the Critical Security Controls and Consensus Audit Guidelines). This document was originally published as a collaboration between the SANS Institute and the US National Security Agency, along with dozens of other contributors from other US federal agencies and the private sector. The goal of this project was to define a specific set of prioritized, technical controls, that organizations could implement that would effectively prevent the attacks that face organizations every day.

In the course of developing the CIS Controls, there were a number of guiding principles that were also developed to guide the project and give direction to the writing and implementation of each of the controls. The core guiding principles are:

  1. Defenses should focus on addressing the attack activities occurring today
  2. Enterprise must ensure consistent controls across to effectively negate attacks
  3. Defenses should be automated where possible
  4. Specific technical activities should be undertaken to produce a more consistent defense
  5. Root cause problems must be fixed in order to ensure the prevention or timely detection of attacks
  6. Metrics should be established that facilitate common ground for measuring the effectiveness of security measures

One of the best things about these controls is that they were not created in a vacuum. Instead, they are the result of numerous entities working together to provide feedback into the attacks that they are seeing and the controls that they’ve found, which are helpful in truly combating these threats. The individuals that contributed to the project have experience in fighting the threats directly and have given insight from their experiences.

More specific information about this project can be found at https://www.cisecurity.org/.

The CIS Controls vs Ransomware

Tarala_Picture3.png

In this specific incident, the attackers who broke into Rekt Casino decided to use ransomware as a major piece of their toolkit. Ransomware attacks, especially targeted ones, are becoming more and more common as cybercrime groups look to monetize their hacking activities. Law enforcement groups have found that cybercrime groups are even beginning to specialize in specific aspects of an overall breach. One group may collect access to organizations after they successfully establish a foothold in the organization. Another group may be focused on monetizing that access through theft of intellectual property, ransomware, or other similar activities.

There are a number of defensive controls with the capability to defend against ransomware attacks like the one observed here. Specifically, some of the most relevant control families with the ability to block this attack are as follows:

  • Inventory of Authorized and Unauthorized Software (CSC #2)
  • Continuous Vulnerability Assessment and Remediation (CSC #3)
  • Secure Configurations for Hardware and Software (CSC #5)
  • Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs (CSC #6)
  • Malware Defenses (CSC #8)
  • Data Recovery Capability (CSC #10)
  • Boundary Defense (CSC #12)
  • Incident Response and Management (CSC #19)

It is a combination of these controls that provides an organization with the greatest chance at preventing an attack, detecting if an attack is being attempted, or recovering from the attack if it is successful. The more mature an organization is, and the further in their journey they are implementing these control families, the more likely they will be able to stop any attack targeted against them.

Concluding Thoughts

In short, the people at Rekt Casino had access to the knowledge that could have prevented this incident. No one in cybersecurity wants to blame the victims of attacks such as this and doing so would never be fair. But the other side of this coin is that the cybersecurity industry knows what needs to happen if an organization wants to defend itself against this type of attack. Step-by-step, prioritized guidance exists. That does not mean that it will be easy or free to do what is necessary. But if organizations like Rekt use the resources available to them and methodically implement the controls prescribed, they can be successful at stopping such directed attacks.

Any organization considering this approach should:

  1. Download a free copy of the CIS Controls (https://www.cisecurity.org).
  2. Read and understand the controls defined and share the approach with leadership and technical stakeholders in the organization.
  3. Agree to use these cybersecurity controls, or a similarly effective list, cohesively as an organization.
  4. Begin to implement the controls starting at CIS Control family #1, eventually working through the entire list.

Effective cybersecurity will not always be easy or free, but it is possible and achievable by all.

About the Author:

James Tarala is a principal consultant with Enclave Security based out of Venice, Florida, and a SANS Senior Instructor. As a consultant, he has spent the past several years designing large enterprise security and infrastructure architectures, helping organizations to perform security assessments, and communicating enterprise risk to senior leadership teams. He is the author and an instructor for SEC566: Implementing and Auditing the Critical Security Controls, SEC440: Critical Security Controls: Planning, Implementing, and Auditing, and a co-author and instructor for MGT415: A Practical Introduction to Cyber Security Risk Management. More About James

Share:
TwitterLinkedInFacebook
Copy url Url was copied to clipboard
Subscribe to SANS Newsletters
Receive curated news, vulnerabilities, & security awareness tips
United States
Canada
United Kingdom
Spain
Belgium
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
Australia
India
Japan
Singapore
Afghanistan
Aland Islands
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba
Bosnia And Herzegovina
Botswana
Bouvet Island
Brazil
British Indian Ocean Territory
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombia
Comoros
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska)
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
East Timor
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
French Southern Territories
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard And McDonald Islands
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
Indonesia
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Republic Of
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States Of
Moldova, Republic Of
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Reunion
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Bartholemy
Saint Kitts And Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Martin
Saint Vincent And The Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome And Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
South Sudan
Sri Lanka
St. Helena
St. Pierre And Miquelon
Suriname
Svalbard And Jan Mayen Islands
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad And Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks And Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United States Minor Outlying Islands
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican City
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (British)
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Wallis And Futuna Islands
Western Sahara
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zambia
Zimbabwe

By providing this information, you agree to the processing of your personal data by SANS as described in our Privacy Policy.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Recommended Training

  • SEC401: Security Essentials - Network, Endpoint, and Cloud
  • SEC440: CIS Critical Controls: A Practical Introduction
  • SEC530: Defensible Security Architecture and Engineering: Implementing Zero Trust for the Hybrid Enterprise

Tags:
  • Security Management, Legal, and Audit

Related Content

Blog
SSA-_Renewing_Your_SSAP_-_Two_Easy_Steps_-_340x340_Thumb.jpg
Security Awareness, Security Management, Legal, and Audit
March 22, 2023
Renewing Your SANS Security Awareness Professional (SSAP) – Two Easy Steps
You will need to renew your SSAP every four years, a process we've worked hard to keep as simple as possible to ensure it helps you grow your career.
370x370_Lance-Spitzner.jpg
Lance Spitzner
read more
Blog
CIS-Controls-v8-Released-340x340.png
Security Management, Legal, and Audit
April 21, 2021
CIS Controls v8
New v8 Released May 18, 2021
SANS_Filler_Avatar.jpg
SANS Institute
read more
Blog
Rekt_webcast_series.png
Security Management, Legal, and Audit
April 2, 2021
Rekt Casino Revisited: Operational Series Part 4
Pulling It All Together
Mark-Orlando-370x370.jpg
Mark Orlando
read more
  • Register to Learn
  • Courses
  • Certifications
  • Degree Programs
  • Cyber Ranges
  • Job Tools
  • Security Policy Project
  • Posters & Cheat Sheets
  • White Papers
  • Focus Areas
  • Cyber Defense
  • Cloud Security
  • Cybersecurity Leadership
  • Digital Forensics
  • Industrial Control Systems
  • Offensive Operations
Subscribe to SANS Newsletters
Receive curated news, vulnerabilities, & security awareness tips
United States
Canada
United Kingdom
Spain
Belgium
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
Australia
India
Japan
Singapore
Afghanistan
Aland Islands
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba
Bosnia And Herzegovina
Botswana
Bouvet Island
Brazil
British Indian Ocean Territory
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombia
Comoros
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska)
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
East Timor
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
French Southern Territories
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard And McDonald Islands
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
Indonesia
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Republic Of
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States Of
Moldova, Republic Of
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Reunion
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Bartholemy
Saint Kitts And Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Martin
Saint Vincent And The Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome And Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
South Sudan
Sri Lanka
St. Helena
St. Pierre And Miquelon
Suriname
Svalbard And Jan Mayen Islands
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad And Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks And Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United States Minor Outlying Islands
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican City
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (British)
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Wallis And Futuna Islands
Western Sahara
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zambia
Zimbabwe

By providing this information, you agree to the processing of your personal data by SANS as described in our Privacy Policy.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
  • © 2023 SANS™ Institute
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact
  • Careers
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • Youtube
  • LinkedIn